Medical/Science Study World

   TWO MARKS QUESTIONS 1. Define cellular adaptation.   2. What is apoptosis?   3. What is necrosis?   4. Define inflammation and mention its two main types briefly. 5. Define inflammation.   6. Name the cardinal signs of inflammation.   7. What is infection and how does it affect body tissues? 8.  Define immunity and name its two main types briefly. 9. What is tissue repair? 10. Define infection. 11. What is a gene? 12. Define mutation.   13. What is genetic disorder? 14. Define neoplasm. 15. What is benign tumor?   16. De fine neoplasia and differentiate between benign and malignant tumors . 17. Define cell injury.   18. Name two causes of cell injury.   19. What is reversible cell injury?   20. What is reversible cell injury and how can it be identified? 21. Define atrophy.   22. Define hypertrophy.   23. D efine hyperplasia and differentiate it from hypertrophy briefly. 24. What are premalignant lesions and w...

 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS What is cellular adaptation? Cellular adaptation is the reversible structural or functional change in cells in response to physiological or pathological stress. These changes help cells survive in altered environments and maintain normal function. Define inflammation. Inflammation is the protective response of body tissues to injury, infection, or irritation. It involves vascular changes, migration of white blood cells, and release of chemical mediators to eliminate the harmful stimulus. What is neoplasia? Neoplasia refers to uncontrolled and abnormal proliferation of cells resulting in the formation of a tumor or neoplasm. These growths may be benign or malignant depending on their behavior and ability to spread. What is hypertrophy? Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells leading to enlargement of the affected organ or tissue. It occurs due to increased functional demand or hormonal stimulation without an increase in cell number. What is atrophy? Atro...

 Two Marks Questions What is Hematology? Hematology is the study of blood. or The area of medicine known as hematology studies blood, blood-forming organs, and blood disorders. It covers the study of blood cells, their roles, and illnesses associated with them. What is Total Leukocyte Count (TLC)? It is the quantity or number of  white blood cells in one cubic millimeter (mm³) of blood is known as the total leukocyte count. Adults have between 4,000 and 11,000 cells/mm³. What is blood? It is a specialized connective tissue  fluid that travels or flows inside the body through blood vessels (i.e. arteries, veins, capillaries). The blood supply waste materials, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen throughout the body. What are the main components of blood? Blood consists of plasma and formed elements. The formed elements include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. What is Hemoglobinometry? Hemoglobinometry is the measurement of hemoglo...

 INFECTION .

 Disease The four main types of diseases, based on origin, are generally considered to be infectious, deficiency, hereditary (genetic), and physiological (lifestyle/degenerative), though classifications can vary; they describe illnesses caused by pathogens, lack of nutrients, genetic factors, or bodily malfunctions/aging, respectively.   Here's a breakdown: Infectious Diseases: Caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, and spread from person to person or via carriers (e.g., flu, COVID-19, malaria).  Deficiency Diseases: Result from a lack of essential vitamins, minerals, or nutrients in the diet (e.g., scurvy from Vitamin C deficiency, anemia from iron deficiency).  Hereditary Diseases: Passed down through genes from parents to children, often due to genetic mutations (e.g., cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease).  Physiological/Degenerative Diseases: Linked to aging, wear-and-tear, or lifestyle factors, affecting bodily functions (e....