Assignment of Antimicrobial Resistance

Case: 

Due to a serious urinary tract infection (UTI), a male patient with diabetes mellitus, age 62, was hospitalised to a tertiary care hospital. When ciprofloxacin was first prescribed to him, his condition did not get better. Escherichia coli resistant to several antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, was found in a urine culture. The isolate's sensitivity was limited to colistin.

Over the past two years, the patient reported using antibiotics frequently to treat recurring illnesses. Incomplete antibiotic courses were also noted multiple times in his medical records. He had undergone catheterisation during one of his two hospital stays in the previous six months.

The treating team expressed concern about the rising cases of multidrug-resistant organisms in their hospital. They emphasized the need for rational antibiotic use, strict infection control measures, and education for patients about the dangers of misuse.

Questions

  1. Explain what is meant by antimicrobial and antibacterial resistance. How do they differ, and why is this distinction important in healthcare?

  2. Describe at least three mechanisms by which bacteria such as E. coli develop resistance to antibiotics. Relate them to the case.

  3. Identify and explain the key factors in this patient’s history that may have contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance.

  4. What are the clinical and public health challenges of treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms? Provide examples from the case.

  5. Suggest strategies at both the hospital and community levels to prevent further development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

BMLS 501-18 Applied Hematology-I NOTES

 BMLS 501-18 Applied Hematology-I 1. Quality assurance in haematology. a. Internal and external quality control including reference preparation b. Routine quality assurance protocol c. Statistical analysis i.e. Standard deviation, Co-efficient variation, accuracy and precision https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/2021/08/quality-assurance.html https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fzba-s9jKUoOPSz1zHLteZ532EdgYiwO/view?usp=sharing 2. Safety precautions in haematology https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/2021/08/safety-precautions-in-hematology-lab.html https://doctorlib.info/hematology/rodak-hematology-clinical-principles-applications/3.html https://www.slideshare.net/NegashRealis/safety-and-infection-control-in-hematology-laboratory 3. Basic concepts of automation in haemotology with special reference to: a. Blood cell counter b. Coagulometer. https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/2021/08/automation-in-blood-cell-counter.html 4. Bone marrow examination https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oEwnXCkU...
Read more

BASICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY BMLS 103-18

. BMLS103-18- BASICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY Theory Aims /learning Objectives: The main objective of the subject is to impart the knowledge of apparatus, units, equipment's, volumetric analysis in the laboratory of clinical Biochemistry. 1. Introduction to Medical lab Technology.       (a) Role of Medical lab Technologist,      (b) Ethics and responsibility,       (c) Safety measures      (d) First aid . https://iasst.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Labsafety_Manual_IASST_DS2.pdf 2. Cleaning and care of general laboratory glass ware and equipments.       (a) Steps involved in cleaning soda lime glass        (b) Steps involved in cleaning borosil glass.      (c) Preparation of chromic acid solution .       (d) Sto rage. Cleaning of Glassware https://webpath.med.utah.edu/HISTHTML/MANUALS/ACIDGLAS.PDF Preparation & Procedure of Chromic Acid 3. Disti...
Read more

B.Sc. MLS 5th Sem Histotechnology Notes (BMLS 504-18)

 B.Sc. MLS 5th Sem Histotechnology Notes 1. Introduction to histotechnology 2. Care and maintenance of laboratory equipment used in histotechnology 3. Safety measures in a histopathology laboratory 4. Basic concepts about routine methods of examination of tissues 5. Collection and transportation of specimens for histological examination 6. Basic concepts of fixation 7. Various types of fixatives used in a routine histopathology laboratory:        i. Simple fixatives        ii. Compound fixatives,        iii. Special fixatives for demonstration of various tissue elements 8. Decalcification :         a. Criteria of a good decalcification agent,         b. Technique of decalcification followed with selection of tissue, fixation, decalcification,            neutralization of acid and thorough washing.         c. Various ty...
Read more