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Showing posts from September, 2025

Safety Precautions in Operation Theatre

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Histopathology

  1. Introduction and definition: 1.1 Histology 1.2 Histopathology 1.3 Biopsy 1.4 Autopsy 1.5 Autolysis 1.6 Putrefaction 1.7 Fixation 1.8 Deparaffinization 1.9 Blueing               Chapter 1 Notes Preparation of Tissue  2.1 Unfixed Tissue preparations: Imprint methods Impression Smears, Teased preparation, Squashed preparation, Frozen section. 2.2 Fixed Tissue Preparations: Paraffin embedding, Celloidin embedding, Gelatin embedding.                Chapter 2 Notes   3. Reception of Specimen 3.1 Reception, recording, labelling and preservation of histological specimen              Chapter 3 4. Fixation (Histological Specimens) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Classification & Composition of various fixatives 4.3 Advantages/Disadvantages of various fixatives               Fixation 5. Decalcification Introduction Principle & Procedu...

Assignment of Antimicrobial Resistance

Case:  Due to a serious urinary tract infection (UTI), a male patient with diabetes mellitus, age 62, was hospitalised to a tertiary care hospital. When ciprofloxacin was first prescribed to him, his condition did not get better. Escherichia coli resistant to several antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, was found in a urine culture. The isolate's sensitivity was limited to colistin. Over the past two years, the patient reported using antibiotics frequently to treat recurring illnesses. Incomplete antibiotic courses were also noted multiple times in his medical records. He had undergone catheterisation during one of his two hospital stays in the previous six months. The treating team expressed concern about the rising cases of multidrug-resistant organisms in their hospital. They emphasized the need for rational antibiotic use, strict infection control measures, and education for patients about the dangers of misuse. Questions Explain wh...