Medical/Science Study World

 Immunohistochemistry     https://bitesizebio.com/20929/getting-started-with-immunohistochemistry/   . .

MLT Notes by NIOS     https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/vocational-courses/dmlt.aspx     . .

Case Studies of Pathology   HISTO   https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/2023/08/histo-case-study.html   2nd Case Study   https://pathology.med.upenn.edu/education/case-studies   https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/hst-035-principle-and-practice-of-human-pathology-spring-2003/pages/assignments/   https://www.coursehero.com/file/93710904/Assignment-of-histopathology-1docx/   https://www.scribd.com/doc/206816479/Assignment-1-Histopathology     . .  

HISTOTECHNOLOGY – II & Cytology  BMLS 605-18 Theory Aims and Objectives: The students will learn about various staining procedures for demonstration of different substances & various cytological investigations. The students will learn about special staining procedures & handling & testing of various cytological specimens. HISTOPATHOLOGY https://rajswasthya.nic.in/RHSDP%20Training%20Modules/Lab.%20Tech/Histo/Introduction.pdf STAINING https://rajswasthya.nic.in/RHSDP%20Training%20Modules/Lab.%20Tech/Histo/Chapter%206.pdf HISTOCHEMISTRY https://www.du.edu.eg/upFilesCenter/exStore/sci/1584370154.pdf 1. Cryostat sectioning, its applications in diagnostic histopathology. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BPHfo5n_LoDnUWCOW0ZzGEF45jo9fWps/view?usp=sharing https://www.slideshare.net/Mahmoud19905/frozen-section-and-cryostat https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/methodsfrozen.html 2. Special Staining Procedures for detection of a. Connective tissue elements, Trichrome staining, m

  Case study:- A 25-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician with a one-week history of blurred vision in her left eye. She stated that it was painful to move that eye. She grew up in Minnesota and has smoked one-half of a pack of cigarettes/day for the last 7 years. Further questioning reveals that she had unilateral tingling on her left side in the two weeks before her wedding 3 years ago.  CSF analysis showed mildly elevated protein and moderate pleocytosis. MRI revealed multiple hypointense lesions and FLAIR (fluid-attentuated inversion recovery) MRI showed multiple supratentorial lesions. When the patient learned of her possible diagnosis, she returned home and took an overdose of sleeping pills. Gross and microscopic images of the autopsy are provided. Image Gallery: 1.  2.   3.   MRI shows multiple white matter lesions in the corpus callosum, subcortical U-fibers, temporal lobes, brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. Grossing shows , multiple well circumscribed s

  To perform Guard’s staining for demonstration sex chromatin (barr bodies on a buccal smear:- https://www.slideshare.net/gurya87/barr-body-staining https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLt884HV8bE . .

  Papanicolaou Stain (Pap Stain) Protocol https://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/papanicolaou_stain.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmAGrOE49C0 . .

PERLS STAIN FOR HEMOSIDERIN https://www.histopathology.guru/perls-stain-for-hemosiderin/ . . 

 ALCIAN BLUE pH2.5 - ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES https://webpath.med.utah.edu/HISTHTML/MANUALS/ALCIAN.PDF . .

 MUCICARMINE STAIN - SOUTHGATE’S - MUCIN https://webpath.med.utah.edu/HISTHTML/MANUALS/MUCICAR.PDF . .

Practical - 1 https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vTh8EPANerVTBP4l-P8Q5XthbmPUmXhKSpdIlSuTXXr7hmPjhOGbYQp84IUEmW2DA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 Practical - 2 https://www.slideshare.net/diptisorte/pharmacology-of-commonly-used-antisep-disinfect-insecticide   Practical - 3 https://www.iau.edu.sa/sites/default/files/resources/www_kfhulab_com_ipphisto_03_htm.pdf . .

  Question Paper 1 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p3KMfxZsCA8IM-upujP_Vf3KbLGxWy1m/view?usp=sharing Question Paper 2 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lHinkg5JYcygNjxpLNNJkOcJKeu7VHsr/view?usp=sharing . .

Histotechnology Notes Complete   https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FuzL5rSm_-8IvSKrCXPTObGOb5wXO7v7/view?usp=sharing https://www.coursehero.com/file/93710904/Assignment-of-histopathology-1docx/ . .

  ROUTINE METHODS OF TISSUE PREPARATION https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRdXZc00wj3KEMDzkkJiS5WRI4-H51SOM4z-O-G20IGvEzdRbyfngETho4kFZg9LA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 . .

  Histotechnology Chapter 1 & 2 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MajFjkEoMZIIGcBJEkUwn22TnfWpu5JE/view?usp=sharing . .

 Histotechnology Lab Manual   BMLS 506-18 Histotechnology BMLS 506-18 . .

 BMLS101-18-ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY UNIT-I Biology & Its Branches; Scientific methods in Biology; Scope of biology and career options in Medical Laboratory Sciences Biology & its Branches Scientific Methods in Biology UNIT-II Structure and function of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous Muscle Tissue & Nervous Tissue Tissue UNIT-III 3  Cell as a basic unit of life  3.1. - discovery of cell, 3.2   Cell theory, 3.3  cell as a self - contained unit;  3.4  Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell;  3.4.1. Unicellular and multicellular organisms;  3.4.2 Ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell  3.5 - cell wall, 3.6 Cell membrane - unit membrane concept (Fluid-Mosaic model);  3.6.1 Membrane transport;  3.7. Cellular movement (exocytosis, endocytosis);  3.8. Cell organelles and their functions 3.8.1- nucleus, 3.8.2. mitochondria, 3.8.3. plastids, 3.8.4. endoplamasic reticulum, 3.8.5. Gogli complex, 3.8.6. Lysosomes, 3.8.7. Microtubules, 3.8.8. Centriole, 3.8.9. Vacuo

 https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@studynotesofbiologymlt4720

 Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining Chapter = 12 Routine staining procedures . .

 Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Haematoxylin (PTAH) https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vS1RdJtb8ECSCKnL9WWFRiuwNl-WZJYLJdHlany3CQMbXsyah4l3uJn82Sgu39g4A/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 . .

 Mounting of Cover Slips, Labeling and Cataloguing the Slides in Histopathology Lab . .

 Manual Staining and Automatic Staining Technique https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vTYuJiK-K2yYmXCpoh9otNaq9i8YNFAId2_SRyaPkhCqq1ipxzQjO1-cOsTg5vy-A/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFEBda6kbOU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPDaNAxlHEM . .

 Nuclear Stains and Cytoplasmic stains https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vSiUklvU8jAwiVE1MjWOquAOI0m3ISRImLW_P-lMr6TJcjsq1eqvoWGfr6ExySRkA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 . .

 General Staining Procedures for Paraffin Infiltrated and Embedded tissue . .

 Mountants in histopathology lab . .

 Classifications of Dyes https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/2021/11/principle-classification-of-dye.html . .

 Preparation of Stains, solvents, aniline water and buffers etc . .

 Types of Stains . .

 Stains and Dyes https://medstudyworld.blogspot.com/2021/11/stain-dye-their-uses.html . .

 Staining in Histopathology Lab Staining of Paraffin Embedded section STAINING, IMPREGNATION & MOUNTING Special Stains . .

 Mounting . .

 Faults in paraffin section cutting with reason and remedy https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YOUIei4V0gycjalPynBEGv6-ZVVVj537/view?usp=sharing . .

 Microtome & Its types Cryostat Sectioning types, preparation of frozen section https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oAh4YjNgoQVADiwPAIhp2JavcLJ3q1ip/view?usp=sharing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA7S75MFdNk https://youtu.be/lmHYzGO6V5c?si=eO6-eHtPt-mLnAr2 . .

Stropping . .

 Honing . .

 Microtome Knives . .

  Section Cutting instruments used in tissue sectioning Microtome its types (Rotatory, sledge, sliding, vibration, ultra microtome) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mpAOnESuExOoyn7xot0RDZcn6qybCQvo/view?usp=sharing .. .

Embedding of Tissue in Histopathology Lab https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BSjCHn6vY3hk49a_hrH_hXectxFX-VgF/view?usp=sharing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIyXA3c3oxU . .

 Components & principles of various types of automatic tissue processors. . .

 Manual or Automatic Tissue Processing Automatic Tissue Processing https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PzVHTu6Hk28kIGNCbPPU1Tot_EKL45rP/view?usp=sharing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG5i6FVevc8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpFhokoAybU . .

 Infiltration of Tissue in Histopathology Lab The final stages are called ‘infiltration’ and ‘blocking out’. Infiltration is when the final xylene is replaced with molten wax, which infiltrates the tissue. Again, this is typically three different wax immersions to ensure that none of the clearing agent remains in the tissue. After the final infiltration, the tissue cassettes are transferred to an embedding station. This machine has reservoirs of molten wax, hotplates, and a cold plate for setting the tissue blocks. The infiltrated tissue is removed from the cassette and orientated within a suitably sized metal mold. The mold is filled with molten wax, the main part of the labeled cassette is placed on top, and this is also filled with wax. The whole mold is transferred to the cold plate to finally set. That ends the journey from tissue to wax block, which is, I guess, the start of another journey of sectioning, making slides, and immunohistochemistry! Finally, below is a table that hig

Clearing of Tissue in Histopathology Lab   It’s Becoming Clearer… The solvent used for this intermediate stage is usually xylene. The ‘clearing agent’ needs to be miscible with both ethanol and paraffin wax. Following dehydration, the tissue is immersed in one to three different xylene immersions. In these stages, the ethanol is gradually replaced with xylene, and when the tissue is embedded, the xylene will be replaced by the molten paraffin wax. Shrinkage of tissue can occur at these final stages as the xylene also removes fat residues left in the samples. . .

 Dehydration of Tissue in Histopathology Lab Removal of Water First, the tissue needs to be dehydrated to remove the water, which is present either free or bound to the tissue. Paraffin wax is hydrophobic; therefore, most of the water in the tissue must be removed before it can be infiltrated with wax.   Removing the water is carried out by immersing tissue in a series of ethanol solutions of increasing concentrations until 100%, water-free alcohol is reached.   A series of increasing concentrations is used to ensure that the water in the tissue is gradually replaced by the alcohol and to avoid excessive distortion of the tissue. Various components of the cell are also removed by this process. At the lower end of the ethanol concentrations, water-soluble proteins are removed, while towards the 100% ethanol step, certain lipids may be dissolved. Ethanol and Wax Don’t Mix Although the tissue reaches the final stage of dehydration in 100% ethanol, it’s not possible to proceed straight to

 Processing of various tissues for histological examination https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yG99iSNSuGiuJzLi-tqjWnB19We5dFO0/view?usp=sharing https://bitesizebio.com/13469/tissue-processing-for-histology-what-exactly-happens/#:~:text=A%20series%20of%20increasing%20concentrations,also%20removed%20by%20this%20process. Dehydration Clearing Infiltration manual or automatic tissue processing Components & principles of various types of automatic tissue processors . Embedding .

Types of Decalcifying Fluids  . .

 Types of Fixatives for Histopathology Lab https://www.slideshare.net/SanthiGopasana/2-fixatives-and-fixation-seminar?qid=a4861f2c-eef4-447b-88bf-6d92cd0b6710&v=&b=&from_search=2&authuser=0 . .

  Decalcification https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vR62gZWAEyd2OJLINlZvHKdSl2N-VP7Z2vgvz4QsrTYaUGCyo7ROAqmryePNMhrqA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 Types of Decalcifying Fluids . .

 Fixation https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vSOP1m0sOBcscwbzg9WdPK-iyLTwOfNkfPH1qNonYMW0UZ-YL26ivehkKpSIJyspA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 Fixation - I Fixation-II QUIZ on Fixation . .

  Collection and transportation of specimens for histological examination . .

 B.Sc. MLS 5th Sem Histotechnology Notes 1. Introduction to histotechnology 2. Care and maintenance of laboratory equipment used in histotechnology 3. Safety measures in a histopathology laboratory 4. Basic concepts about routine methods of examination of tissues 5. Collection and transportation of specimens for histological examination 6. Basic concepts of fixation 7. Various types of fixatives used in a routine histopathology laboratory:        i. Simple fixatives        ii. Compound fixatives,        iii. Special fixatives for demonstration of various tissue elements 8. Decalcification :         a. Criteria of a good decalcification agent,         b. Technique of decalcification followed with selection of tissue, fixation, decalcification,            neutralization of acid and thorough washing.         c. Various types of decalcifying fluids:             Organic & Inorganic Acid, chelating agents, Use of Ion-exchange resigns and Electrophoretic             decalcification and t

 Basic concepts about routine methods of examination of tissues https://www.slideshare.net/ghulamabbas132/gross-examination-selection-collection-and-fixation-of-specimen . .

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vTh8EPANerVTBP4l-P8Q5XthbmPUmXhKSpdIlSuTXXr7hmPjhOGbYQp84IUEmW2DA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 . . . .

  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qNfwma0pH6UejNxatuxJCTSdJjpxHslz/view?usp=sharing . . .. .

. Introduction Histology is the study of the tissues of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs. This subject involves all aspects of tissue biology, with the focus on how cells’ structure and arrangement optimize functions specific to each organ.  Histology means the science of the tissues. histos is greek for web or tissue logia is greek for branch of learning  Histotechnology is a medical laboratory specialty that is important in the detection, diagnosis,and treatment of diseases. The histotechnologist uses specific knowledge and technical skill to prepare human and animal tissues for microscopic examination by a pathologist. They work quickly with precision and accuracy to perform the necessary and complex procedures to process, embed,and then cut tissues sections. These thin sections are mounted on slides and stained for microscopic evaluation by pathologists. Histotechnologists also help select,implement,and evaluate new procedures and instruments in

     AntiSsepsis, Disinfection & Sterilization   https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XgLHNORXE-UyHoSrn5w6rm_19o0MV73q/view?usp=drive_link  

    Hospital infection prevention & Control Guidelines     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zlyi_tKOgsIO0FrNlDjHLd4cpIA2v-_e/view?usp=drive_link  

   Lab Manual Sterilization and disinfection in OTs       https://drive.google.com/file/d/1645grJbatmXzk-M00F626leG-3Vgdagk/view?usp=drive_link